Nonjudicial Punishment (NJP) | Article 15 of the UCMJ Explained
Article 15 of the Uniform Code of Military Justice (UCMJ), also known as
Nonjudicial Punishment (NJP) or “Captain’s Mast” in the Navy and Coast Guard,
is one of the most common ways commanders discipline service members. While NJP is less severe
than a court-martial, it can still carry serious career consequences, including loss of pay,
reduction in rank, restrictions, and long-term damage to one’s military record.
Gonzalez & Waddington, aggressive military defense lawyers, explain what
service members need to know about Article 15 proceedings and how to protect their careers.
Watch: Surviving an Article 15
What Is Article 15/NJP?
Article 15 allows a commander to impose punishment for minor offenses without a formal trial.
However, the consequences can still be significant. Key features include:
- Imposed by a commander rather than a military judge.
- No criminal conviction, but punishments become part of your record.
- Different names by branch: Captain’s Mast (Navy/Coast Guard), Office Hours (USMC), Article 15 (Army/Air Force).
- Right to refuse: In most cases, you may refuse NJP and demand trial by court-martial instead.
Types of Punishments Under Article 15
Punishments vary depending on rank of the commander and accused, but may include:
- Reduction in grade
- Forfeiture of pay
- Extra duties (up to 45 days)
- Restriction to base or quarters
- Correctional custody (enlisted only)
Pro Tips for Fighting Article 15
- Consider refusing NJP: If the allegations are serious and the evidence is weak, demand a court-martial.
- Gather written statements: Statements from witnesses or supervisors can help rebut allegations.
- Present extenuation and mitigation: Character evidence and service history can reduce punishment.
- Consult a civilian lawyer: A seasoned military defense attorney can assess whether to accept or refuse NJP.
- Appeal if necessary: If NJP is imposed unfairly, you may appeal up the chain of command.
Common Mistakes with Article 15
- Automatically accepting NJP without weighing the risks of a court-martial.
- Failing to submit written rebuttals or supporting evidence.
- Believing NJP “doesn’t matter” — it can lead to administrative separation.
- Going into the hearing unprepared or without counsel.
Why Gonzalez & Waddington?
Gonzalez & Waddington have defended service members in Article 15 hearings,
administrative separation boards, and courts-martial worldwide.
Whether you are stationed in the U.S. or overseas, their experience in high-stakes military trials
can protect your career and future. Call 1-800-921-8607 or visit
ucmjdefense.com for a confidential consultation.
FAQs: Article 15/NJP
Can I refuse Article 15?
In most cases, yes. You may demand a court-martial instead, but this comes with higher risks and potential punishments.
Does NJP count as a criminal conviction?
No, but it does go on your military record and can affect promotions and separation decisions.
Can I appeal an NJP?
Yes. You may submit an appeal within 5 days to a higher authority, arguing the punishment was unjust or disproportionate.
Will an NJP lead to separation from the military?
Not automatically, but repeated NJPs or a serious offense may trigger an administrative separation board.
Do I need a lawyer for NJP?
Yes. While not required, having an experienced civilian military defense lawyer can drastically improve your chances of avoiding career-ending consequences.
