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Mastering the Art of Closing Arguments: Insights from ‘Kick-Ass Closings’ by Michael Waddington

What makes a closing argument effective in a military court-martial defense?

An effective court-martial closing argument tells a persuasive, coherent story that connects the evidence to reasonable doubt. Attorney Michael Waddington's book 'Kick-Ass Closings' outlines how defense lawyers can craft memorable narratives, address juror psychology, and deliver arguments that resonate with panel members. Strong preparation and clear themes are essential components of a compelling closing.

In the world of criminal defense, few moments are as pivotal as the closing argument. It’s the final opportunity for attorneys to connect with jurors, crystallize their case themes, and sway the verdict. Yet, despite its importance, many lawyers struggle to deliver compelling closings that resonate. Enter Kick-Ass Closings: A Guide to Giving the Best Closing Argument of Your Life, a groundbreaking resource by Michael Waddington that is revolutionizing how defense lawyers approach this critical trial phase.

Video: How to Give a Kick-Ass Closing Argument in Criminal Trials (7:25) — watch on YouTube

The Power of the Closing Argument

Michael Waddington, a seasoned criminal defense lawyer, describes the closing argument as his favorite—and arguably the most consequential—part of any trial. Unlike cross-examination, which focuses on fact-finding and can sometimes appear procedural, the closing argument is where lawyers have the chance to tell a persuasive story, craft a memorable narrative, and directly appeal to the jury’s sense of justice.

Waddington emphasizes that delivering an effective closing isn’t just about rhetoric; it’s about summing up extensive trial work into a clear, compelling message that jurors can carry back to the deliberation room. The closing argument is often the last thing jurors hear, and its impact can linger long after the trial ends.

Despite its importance, Waddington points out a significant gap in legal training. Law schools typically teach the theory of closing arguments but rarely provide practical, real-world examples. Many law professors lack current trial experience, leading to a disconnect between academic instruction and courtroom reality.

Kick-Ass Closings fills this void by compiling hundreds of actual closing argument snippets from some of the most renowned criminal trials and legendary trial lawyers of the last 50 years, including Johnnie Cochran, Thomas Mesereau, Mark Geragos, Jose Baez, and others. This collection spans high-profile cases like O.J. Simpson, Casey Anthony, Michael Jackson, and Scott Peterson, offering readers rare insight into how top attorneys construct their arguments.

What Makes ‘Kick-Ass Closings’ a Game-Changer?

  • Comprehensive and Practical: The book offers a straightforward template for closing arguments that can be adapted to virtually any criminal trial, saving lawyers valuable prep time while maximizing effectiveness.
  • Diverse Argument Topics: Covering themes such as reasonable doubt, burden shifting, forensic evidence, racial prejudice, legal defenses (self-defense, entrapment, alibi), and strategies to counter prosecution rebuttals, the book equips lawyers with versatile tools.
  • Visual Aids and Parables: Charts and diagrams visually explain complex concepts like proof beyond a reasonable doubt, enhancing understanding and presentation.
  • Real-world Wisdom: The inclusion of quotes and parables from seasoned trial lawyers enriches the learning experience with timeless courtroom insights.

Insights from the Trenches: The Making of ‘Kick-Ass Closings’

In a candid conversation between Michael Waddington and Tim Black, managing partner of Blackie and DePond, Waddington shares the inspiration behind the book. He spent two years meticulously reviewing trial transcripts to extract the most powerful, persuasive closing arguments. His goal was not academic but practical: to create a resource that trial lawyers could actually use to elevate their game.

Waddington also highlights a surprising industry trend—many lawyers who market themselves as trial attorneys no longer actively try cases. In fact, when reaching out to 500 prominent attorneys, 90% admitted to not having tried a jury trial in years. This reality underscores the value of a resource like Kick-Ass Closings that draws from active trial experience.

Why Every Criminal Defense Lawyer Should Read This Book

Whether you’re a newly minted attorney or a seasoned litigator, Kick-Ass Closings offers invaluable lessons. It not only teaches the structure and content of effective closings but also demonstrates how to connect emotionally and logically with jurors. As Tim Black puts it, this book is a “game changer” that every trial lawyer needs to read.

Moreover, the book’s impact extends beyond technique. It reminds defense lawyers of their core mission: to protect the freedom and lives of their clients. Mastering closing arguments is not just about winning cases; it’s about ensuring justice is served.

Additional Resources by Michael Waddington

For those interested in further developing their trial skills, Waddington has authored other notable works, including:

  • The Art of Trial Warfare: Winning at Trial Using Sun Tzu’s The Art of War
  • Pattern Cross-Examination for Sexual Assault Cases: A Trial Strategy & Resource Guide
  • Trial Warrior’s Book of Wisdom: A Compilation of Quotes for Success in Law and Life

Conclusion

Closing arguments are a lawyer’s final and greatest chance to persuade a jury. Kick-Ass Closings by Michael Waddington is a rare and powerful tool that brings decades of trial wisdom into one accessible guide. By studying real examples from legendary attorneys and applying practical templates, defense lawyers can dramatically improve their closing skills—and ultimately, their trial outcomes.

If you are a criminal defense lawyer committed to excellence, investing in this book could be one of the most impactful decisions you make in your career. It’s more than a book; it’s a masterclass in courtroom persuasion.

Learn more and get your copy of Kick-Ass Closings here: https://www.kickassclosings.com

Full Transcription

Hi, this is Tim Black. I’m the managing partner of Blackie and DePond, and I’m here with my colleague, Michael Waddington. I want to talk about a book that came out that you wrote. It’s an Amazon bestseller since the time it was launched. It’s flying off the shelves. It’s doing incredibly well online. It’s called Kick-Ass Closings. And I love the name, Mike, the Kick-Ass Closing. You just go right in there for the kill. I’ve got the book here. I’ve got it all tabbed out. I’ve got it highlighted. And what this book is, it is a book that I am shocked on most wasn’t published a decade ago. And it’s a no-kidding, in the trenches, not ivory towers book on how to conduct some of the best closing arguments in trial that you can imagine. And so if you are an attorney out there, you’ve got to read this book. It’s a game changer just in terms of how it lays out step by step on how to create a closing argument. So Mike, again, thank you for putting the book out. Tell me a little bit about your inspiration for creating Kick-Ass Closings and what effect it’s had on attorneys or even yourself since you published it. Well, Tim, the closing argument is my favorite part of the trial. But it’s one of those things that they teach in law school in theory. They kind of minimize it. And the reason is most law professors aren’t trial attorneys. And they haven’t done trials of any trials in decades. And there’s no book out there that actually teaches you and shows you actual real closing arguments. There is no book that actually has modern, relevant closing arguments that a lawyer or law student could pick up and read and say, hey, what did Johnny Cochran argue? How did he explain reasonable doubt in the O.J. Simpson case? And I went out there and I spent two years looking through transcripts, trying to find the best examples in different cases. In there we have some of the greatest trial lawyers in the country in the past 50 years with snippets of their actual arguments that are made, broken down by subject and topic. And so there’s like 22 ways to explain the concept of reasonable doubt. But closing arguments are critical in a trial. It’s what everyone thinks of when you’re watching TV or you’re watching a movie about trial lawyers. It’s the cross-examination and the closing arguments. But the cross-examinations typically don’t have the type of drama that you see on TV because a very effective cross-examination may have some drama. But it’s like we’re going shopping, right? And I’m going to cook something and I’m going into the market to get ingredients, right? So when I’m in cross-examination, an effective quality cross-examination, not some BS one, I’m going to be getting facts I want to argue my position at trial. And I may be doing some drama. There may be some heightened entertainment. That’s just the way I try cases. When I’m looking for specific facts I want to pull out to support my theory. Then I put all that together in the closing argument. That’s your chance to stand up before a jury, to look them in the eyes, and to give them the theory of innocence for your client. And it’s a powerful moment. And you can write it out, which I don’t. But you have to be able to deliver it. And that’s what really separates okay or good attorneys from great attorneys. It’s the ability to speak, the ability to be an order, and to be able to deliver when it counts. And you read these and you just read them out loud and say, okay, t

Video transcript

Transcript of the video “How to Give a Kick-Ass Closing Argument in Criminal Trials,” from Gonzalez & Waddington.

Read the full transcript of this video

Hi, this is Tim Bleecker, I’m the managing partner of Bleecker and Topon, and I’m here with my colleague Michael Waddington. I want to talk about a book that came out that you wrote. It’s an Amazon bestseller since the time it was launched. It’s flying off the shelves. It’s doing incredibly well online.

It’s called Kick-Ass Closings. And I love the name, Mike. The Kick-Ass Closings. You go right in there for the kill. I’ve got the book here.

I’ve got it all tabbed out. I’ve got it highlighted. And what this book is, it is a book that I am shocked almost wasn’t published a decade ago. And it’s a no-kidding in-the-trenches, not ivory towers book on how to conduct some of the best closing arguments in trial that you can imagine. And so, if you are an attorney out there, you got to read this book.

I mean, it’s it’s a game-changer just in terms of how it lays out step-by-step in how to create a closing argument. So, Mike, again, thank you for putting the book out. Tell me a little bit about your inspiration for creating Kick-Ass Closings and and what effect it’s had on attorneys or even yourself since you published it. Well, Tim, the closing argument is my favorite part of the trial. But it’s one of those things that they teach in law school in theory.

They they they kind of minimize it. And the reason is most law professors aren’t trial attorneys, and they haven’t done trials of any trials in decades. And there’s no book out there that actually teaches you and shows you actual real closing arguments. There is no book that actually has modern, relevant closing arguments that a lawyer or law student could pick up and read and and say, “Hey, what did Johnny Cochran argue? How did he explain reasonable doubt in the O.

J. Simpson case?” And I went out there and we spent I spent 2 years looking through transcripts, trying to find the best examples in different cases. In there we have some of the some of the greatest trial lawyers in the country in the past 50 years with snippets of their actual arguments that are made, broken down by subject and topic. And so, there’s like 22 ways to explain the concept of reasonable doubt.

You know, but closing arguments are critical in a trial. So, whatever everyone thinks of. When you’re watching TV or you’re watching a movie about trial lawyers, everyone they go it’s the cross-examination and the closing arguments. But the cross-examinations typically don’t have the type of drama that you see on TV because when a very effective cross-examination may have some drama, but it’s like we’re going shopping, right? And I’m going to cook I’m going to cook something.

I’m going into the into the market to get ingredients, right? So, when I’m in cross-examination, a effective, quality cross-examination, not some BS one, I’m going to be getting facts I want to argue my position at trial. And I may be doing some drama. There may be some heightened entertainment. That’s just the way I try cases.

But I’m looking for specific facts I want to pull out to support my theory. Then I put all that together in the closing argument. That’s your chance to stand up before a jury, to look them in the eyes, and to give them the theory of innocence for your client. And it’s a powerful moment. And you can write it out, which I don’t.

But you have to be able to deliver it. And that’s what really separates okay or good attorneys from great attorneys. It’s the ability to speak, the ability to be in order, and then be able to deliver when it counts. And you read these and you just read them out loud say, “Okay, this is what right looks like. I may not be able to deliver or you may not be able to deliver up to the Johnny Cochran level, but you see what right looks like and it just elevates your game.”

And that’s what a jury wants to see. And when you deliver that powerful closing argument, when you sum up sometimes a year’s worth of work or a week’s worth of trial together in this killer Kick-Ass closing argument, that’s what the jury’s left with. And when they go back to the deliberation room, oftentimes the words you used are lingering in that courtroom still. And when they come back and those most powerful moments of a trial, I talk about it all the time. The most powerful moment of a trial and the most powerful moment of being a trial lawyer is when the verdict comes back and the judge takes a look at it.

You give it back to the members. And your heart’s beating out of your chest. And if your heart’s not beating out of your chest, you’re in the wrong line of work. And they say, “Accused and defense counsel, please rise.” And you stand up and the president says, “Of all charges and specifications, not guilty.”

And it’s like, boom! That’s it. That is it. That’s what all the time and and all matters. And a lot of that is going back to delivering on the closing argument.

And so, this book, I can’t recommend it highly enough. If you’re a average lawyer, if you’re a new lawyer, or if you’re an amazing lawyer, this will elevate your game. Tim, I I want to comment on there’s some other lawyers in there, a total of 17. And it was amazing to me the lawyers that that were high-profile lawyers that you know, you see them on TV like Mark Geragos. He represented Scott Peterson, Michael Jackson, Chris Brown, you name it.

We have Tom Mesereau. I wrote to him and asked him if I could use his closing part of his closing from the Michael Jackson case that he won a full acquittal on. Immediately called me on the phone and was so excited cuz there has never been any book like this out there. That wisdom, if you’re fresh at law school or even doing it for 10 years, his experience, I boiled it, simmered it down, and I put those slivers of his wisdom, and he’s brilliant, both of those men, into the book as well. So, take a look at it.

You can see it on Amazon. You can preview the book on Amazon. You can get the print version or you can get the Kindle version as well. Or you can get both. I think you get the Kindle version for free if you get the print version on Amazon.

But check it out. You can’t go wrong with it. And and really, Tim, I want to thank you again for for sharing your material with me in that book. It’s outstanding and and a great addition to the book. Thank you.

You’re welcome. And one of the things I want to also talk about, too, is when you were collaborating with me as you were writing the book, was the amount of lawyers you reached out to who were also allegedly high-profile attorneys who didn’t have any closing arguments, who don’t try cases. And we had talked about trying to get the best minds together to put this book. And we had kind of talked and it’s your project, but we had collaborated just on some of the ideas. And I know that you went to attorney after attorney after attorney who portrays themselves as these renowned trial lawyers, but they hadn’t tried a case in the last 5, 10 years or the material was terrible.

And so, it’s amazing how many people don’t actually try cases anymore. I wrote to 500 attorneys. 500 of the best attorneys in America that that you would think are the best. And 90% of them told me, “Ah, nobody tries cases anymore. I don’t have material.

I haven’t tried I I had someone that I looked up to a lot. He told me he hadn’t tried a case in 18 years.” I’m like, “What are you talking about? On your website I swear on your website you’re like this hard-hitting trial attorney. You haven’t tried a jury trial in 18 years.”

And that was something that really surprised me as well. And so, either you are a you’re an attorney or you’re a criminal defense attorney or you’re a trial lawyer. And I agree with that. I was really surprised how few people are still trial lawyers. The bottom line is you’ve distilled some of the great current trial lawyers and some their fantastic closing arguments.

Get the book. Take a read through it. It’s not going to hurt. It’s going to make it’s going to elevate your game and and help you better represent your clients. And that at the end of the day, that’s what this is all about.

We’re trial lawyers. We want to get in there. We want to go to trial. And we want to win and take care of these clients. Anything we can do to better ourselves to do that is going to help you win.

Get the book.

Mastering the Art of Closing Arguments: Insights from ‘Kick-Ass Closings’ by Michael Waddington

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